Cov khoom qab zib, raws li chav kawm ntawm cov khoom xyaw ua haujlwm uas ua rau cov khoom noj uas tsis muaj kev lag luam thiab noj kom zoo dua qub. Lawv lub Foundional yog tsim ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb zoo nkauj, kev tsim lub cev muaj sia, thiab cov khoom siv chemistry. Lawv tsis tsuas yog ua rau tib neeg muaj peev xwm xav tau rau cov khoom qab zib thiab tseem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem metabolic thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv los ntawm kev ua. Kab lus no yuav siv tau lawv lub hauv paus ua haujlwm los ntawm plaub qhov kev xav ntawm cov khoom qab zib, lawv lub neej ua haujlwm sib txawv, thiab lawv cov ntawv thov.
Lub hauv paus neurobiological ntawm tsos kev xav: pib lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom qab zib qab zib
Tib neeg cov khoom qab zib tau pib nrog cov tshuaj chemoreceptor system hauv lub qhov ncauj. Qab zib saj Cov Receptors (T1R2 / T1R3) nyob rau saum npoo ntawm Lingual Papillae zwm rau tsev neeg receptor receptor receptor tsev neeg. Thaum qab zib molecules (txawm hais tias muaj suab thaj los ntawm cov qab zib los yog hluavtaws / ntuj pub dawb) khi rau cov receptors no, lawv ua rau cov phiajcim nkag rau hauv. Cov cascade ua kom ua GQ Protein, kev tshoov siab phospholipase c (plc) rau hydryzing pipolyze los tsim IP₃ thiab Dag. Qhov no nyob rau hauv lem tshaj tawm cov tshuaj calcium intracellular calcium thiab qhib cov peev xwm ntawm cov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev faib cov nqi (TRPM5). Thaum kawg, lub teeb liab hluav taws xob hloov pauv mus rau hauv cov hluav taws xob neurotransmitter, uas tau kis ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab glossoplyngeGeal haus rau lub nucleus tactusius. Lub cim no yog qhov npaj tau mus saj cov chaw hauv qab cortex (xws li insebrenn thiab orbostofontal cortex), uas ua rau kev xav pom ntawm "tsos."
Tshwj xeeb, cov receptor binding efficiency thiab teeb liab transduction lub zog ntawm cov khoom qab zib sib txawv txawv. Piv txwv li, sucrose (lub suab thaj ntuj) muaj kev sib txawv rau T1R2 / T1R3 recification, ua kom muaj zog down {{ Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov khoom qab zib khoom qab zib (xws li aspartame), thaum muaj peev xwm los ntawm cov khoom plig tsis muaj zog, ua rau muaj cov txiaj ntsig kev hloov tsis muaj zog, ua rau lub hlwb tsis muaj zog hauv lub hlwb nyob rau tib yam qab zib siv. Qhov sib txawv no underlies txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom qab zib nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm saj cov ntawv tseeb thiab muaj yees.
Kev Siv Tshuaj Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Kho Tshuab Ntawm Kev Ua: Cov Molecular Cov Keeb Kwm ntawm Kev Ua Txiaj Ntsig
Raws li lawv cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg, cov khoom qab zib tuaj yeem faib ua cov khoom qab zib (xws li aspartame (xws li oligofrides (xws li oligofructose thiab erythretol). Lawv lub ntsiab lus sib txawv qia los ntawm qhov sib txawv hauv cov qauv molecular thiab kev ua haujlwm biological:
(I) cov suab thaj ua ke (xws li sucrose thiab qab zib)
Raws li lub zog ntawm lub zog - Boosting Sweeteners, lawv txoj haujlwm tsis yog los muab cov ntshav qab zib (1g ntawm sucrose qab muab kwv yees li 4KCAL). Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua kom ntau dhau zuj zus tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntshav qab zib hloov pauv, cov tshuaj insulin tsis kam, thiab muaj roj zuj zus. Lawv "Calorie siab - cov khoom qab zib zoo" ua rau lawv muaj kev pheej hmoo rau metabolic syndrome.
(Ⅱ) Cov khoom qab zib dag (xws li aspartame thiab sucralose)
Cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm cov khoom qab zib no yog "cov khoom qab zib zoo nrog xoom lossis cov khoom qab zib tsawg dua li ntawm 600 npaug ntawm cov ntsiab lus Caloror, thaum lub sijhawm Calorie yog yuav luag nevnoigible (<0.2kcal per gram). Their functionality is based on a molecular structure that mimics the hydrogen bond donor/acceptor properties of natural sugars (for example, sucralose retains the glucose and fructose backbone of sucrose, but enhances receptor affinity by replacing the hydroxyl groups with chlorine atoms). Sucralose binds to T1R2/T1R3 receptors and triggers sweetness signals, but is not broken down by hydrolases such as α-glucosidase in the intestine, preventing it from entering the metabolic pathway. The core value of this type of sweetener lies in satisfying sweetness needs while minimizing caloric intake. They are suitable for dietary management of diabetic patients and calorie control in obese individuals.
(Iii.) Cov khoom qab zib ntuj (xws li steviosides thiab moegrosides)
Tau los ntawm tsob nroj theem nrab metabolites (Steviosides los ntawm Stevioside thiab Rebaudioside thiab Rebaudioside A; Maurosides yog muab los ntawm Monk Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo). Lawv muaj cov qab zib ntau ntawm 150 - 300 lub sij hawm uas ntawm sucties thiab yog tsawg kawg hauv calories (kwv yees 0.1-0.3 kcal ib gram). Ntxiv rau lawv cov khoom qab zib yooj yim, qee cov khoom sib xyaw (xws li rebaudiol kev ntxhov siab (inhibiting oxidenging Cov kev ua haujlwm no tau txheeb ze rau kev ua haujlwm roj ntsha ntawm sabins ntawm cov nroj tsuag polyphenols.
Ua haujlwm oligosaccharides (xws li erethritol thiab oligofructose)
Txawm hais tias lawv cov tsos tsw qab yog tsawg (erythritol yog kwv yees li 70% {% ntawm sucrose), lawv sawv cev rau kev sib xyaw ntawm "cov khoom qab zib + ntxiv" cov nqa khoom. Erythritol, ib plaub -}} Cov ntshav cawv, tuaj yeem nkag cov qe ntshav liab los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm daim siab mus rau acetyl-coa. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov kev sib tw metabols yog ywj siab ntawm cov kab mob insulin thiab tsis tshua muaj kab mob (txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov neeg kho hniav). Nws tseem muaj qhov kub ntawm kev sib cais (nws cov kev cuam tshuam endothermic tsim cov khoom noj kom zoo). Fructooligosaccharides, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog prebiotics. Thaum tsis qab zib, lawv tuaj yeem xaiv cov kab mob bifidism xws li cov hnyuv, txhim kho lub plab zom mov microbiome. Lawv cov txiaj ntsig kev ua haujlwm tau los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov -1,2 glycosidic bonds hauv lawv cov qauv molecosidation nyob rau hauv lawv cov qauv molecosid kom tawg, tsis tau los ntawm cov hnyuv plab hnyuv.
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev sib txawv: los ntawm cov kev cuam tshuam metabolic rau kev noj qab haus huv
Muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov khoom qab zib txawv yog qhov kawg cuam tshuam hauv lawv cov kev cuam tshuam sib txawv ntawm tib neeg lub plawv:
• Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob metablices: cov tshuaj ntsuab thiab kev ua haujlwm oligosaccharides pab tswj cov ntshav qab zib intestasis los ntawm tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv cov ntshav plab (tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ntshav plab Cov suab thaj ntuj, ntawm qhov tod tes, tuaj yeem exacerbate insulin tiv taus vim lawv cov ntshav qab zib sai sai.
• Kev tswj kom hnyav: High {{-} {- calorie cov khoom qab zib thaum txo cov calorie kom tsawg, muaj peev xwm pab txhawb kev tiv thaiv cov rog. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias ntev- kev cia siab rau kev hloov kho cov khoom qab zib tab sis tsis tau txais lub zog txaus, hloov chaw ua kom txaus dua).
• Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntawm Qhov ncauj: Cov khoom qab zib xws li ua xyhlitol tsis siv los ntawm Cariogenic cov kab mob (xws li tsim cov kua qaub) los ua kom muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov neeg kho hniav. Qhov kev pab cuam no los ntawm lawv cov qauv molecular tiv thaiv lawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm raws li submented rau cov kab mob fermisent.
• Cov kev ua raws li muaj peev xwm: Polyphenol derivatives nyob rau hauv ib txwm muab cov khoom qab zib thiab megroside (}
Daim ntawv thov tus nqi: Xaiv tau meej raws li kev ua haujlwm
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub qab zib txiav txim siab nws cov kev siv tau hauv ntau yam kev sib txawv. Rau cov khoom noj ntshav qab zib yuav tsum tau nruj me ntsis kev tswj hwm, cov khoom qab zib dag uas tsis yog latabolized (xws li aspartame (xws li steviol glycosides) yog nyiam. Hauv menyuam cov khoom noj txom ncauj lossis cov khoom siv kho mob ntawm qhov ncauj, anti {{{} Caries cov khoom qab zib xws li erealtol tau zoo dua. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov ua haujlwm (xws li cov dej haus prosiCiotic xws li oligofructose tuaj yeem ua tiav cov hom phiaj ob zaug ntawm "tsos + xim tsis zoo."
Nrog rau kev siv cov neeg tau txais kev pab cuam tshuam txog kev noj qab haus huv thiab saj, kev tshawb fawb qab zib yog hloov los ntawm ib qho kev hloov pauv mus rau "kev ua haujlwm zoo." Piv txwv li, los ntawm kev sib txuas ua ke cov khoom qab zib sib txawv (xws li sucralols thiab cov khoom noj qab zib (} Cov khoom noj qab zib (a) Hauv cov ntsiab lus, lub hauv paus ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom qab zib dag nyob hauv kev ntsuas ntau yam kev tshawb fawb. Nws cov tub ntxhais nyob hauv qhov kev xav tau meej meej txog cov neeg muaj kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev coj ua sib txawv ntawm cov qauv molecular, thiab kev ua kom tau txais kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub cev. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nrog hauv - qhov tob ntawm cov khoom qab zib uas yuav dhau los ua cov khoom noj kom zoo thiab ua haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov qauv noj haus huv.